Name of the Programme: Post graduate Diploma in Veterinary Cardiology

Total duration: Two semesters

Scope
Number of cases presented to the Veterinary hospital with cardiac disorders is increasing. So also congenital cardiac abnormalities are increasing in pups due to intense inbreeding. The need for proper diagnosis and treatment of these cardiac disorders requires in depth knowledge of physical examination of cardio vascular system, recording of blood pressure, electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation techniques in animals. Special examination of cardiovascular system in large animals like horses and small ruminants like goats assumes paramount significance. The present PG diploma course is envisaged to impart hands on training to Veterinary graduates on basic cardiovascular diagnostic procedures in pet animals and large animals which will be of immense use for improving their proficiency.

Pattern of course (Semester/annual): Semester

Mode of teaching (Regular/distant): Regular

Language of teaching: English

Colleges/ Institutions offering the programme with number of seats at each college

Eligibility for admission: BVSc & AH / BVSc and VCI registration

Mode of selection and admission: Open selection

Seat reservations: NIL

Syllabus (Provide as a separate document)/ Link to Syllabus in case of VCI & AICTE-
Mode of evaluation: Semester-end examination/ Assignments/ Online discussion fora

Attendance requirement: YES
 

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN VETERINARY CARDIOLOGY
Syllabus

Basic courses

DVC 1 Anatomy and Physiology of cardiovascular system in animals 1 + 0 = 1

Gross anatomy of heart in ruminants, horse, pigs, dogs and cats. Development of heart in embryo. Anatomy of blood vessels, lymphatic system including spleen in different domestic species. Histology of heart in different domestic species. Functions of heart. Electro-physiology of heart. Conduction system in heart. Cardiac cycle, Basics of fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Regulation of cardiac functions.

DVC 2 Pharmacology of cardiovascular system 1+ 0 = 1

Cardiac inotropic agents. Diuretics used in heart diseases. Vasodilator therapy. Antiarrhythmic agents used in animals. Antihypertensive agents. Antihyperlipidaemic drugs. Neutraceuticals used in cardiovascular system disorders.

DVC 3 Biochemistry in cardiovascular disorders 1+1 = 2

Biochemistry of cardiac muscles. Development and progression of atherosclerosis. Association of lipids in coronary heart diseases. Importance of enzymes and bio-markers for diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Analysis of electrolytes in cardiovascular disorders.
Practical – Estimation of various enzymes for diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Estimation of cardiac biomarkers. Estimation of electrolytes in serum.
Compulsory courses

DVC 4 Physical methods of diagnosis in cardiovascular disorders 1+0 = 1

History taking in cardiovascular disorders. Examination of mucous membranes, pulse, capillary refill time, bleeding time, blood pressure. Auscultation of heart. Classification and identification of arrhythmias. Examination of blood vessels .Examination of lymphatic system including spleen. Haematology for diagnosing cardiovascular disorders

DVC 5 Electrocardiography 1+0 = 1

Definition. General principles of electrocardiography.Conduction system and formation of PQRST complexes in ECG. Calculation of heart rate, rhythm and measurement of complexes. Calculation of heart axis. ECG pattern in cardiac chamber enlargement. Identification of arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. ECG in systemic disorders. ECG in electrolyte imbalances. ECG during surgery. Halter ECG monitoring.

DVC 6 Echocardiography 1+ 0 = 1

General principles of echocardiography. Calculation of systolic and diastolic functions from echocardiography. Two dimensional, M- mode and doppler echocardiography. Echocardiography in acquired heart diseases like mitral valve disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography in congenital heart diseases.

DVC 7 Therapeutic management of cardiovascular disorders 1+0 = 1

General principles of treatment of cardiovascular disorders. General principles of management of acute heart failure and cardiopulmonary arrest. Treatment of congestive heart failure. Practical use of vasodilators, inotropic agents, diuretics and antiarrhythmic agents. Treatment of shock. Management of anaemia.

DVC 8 Emergency medicine 1+0= 1

General principles of management of cardiopulmonary arrest. Preparedness in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Basic and advanced life support. Management of respiratory emergencies- Epistaxis, acute upper respiratory tract obstruction, flail chest, acute lung oedema, hydrothorax, haemothorax, pulmonary emphysaema and pneumonia. Cardiac emergencies- Hydropericardium, haemopericardium, myocardial asthenia.

DVC 9 Fluid and electrolyte therapy 1+0 = 1

Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. General principles of fluid therapy. Fluid therapy in disease conditions. Fluid therapy in cardiovascular diseases. Fluid therapy in shock. Electrolyte imbalance in different disease conditions. Monitoring of fluid therapy. Blood gas analysis and interpretation.

DVC 10 Acquired and congenital heart diseases in animals 1+0 =1

Acquired heart diseases and management - Mitral valve degeneration, dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and management. Pericarditis, hydropericardium and haemopericardium. Heart base tumors. Stenosis of valves. Systemic and pulmonary hypertension. Cor-pulmonale. Congenital heart disorders and management - Patent ductus arteriosus, persistent right aortic arch, sepal defects and tetralogy of fallot.

DVC 11 Radiography in diagnosing cardiovascular disorders 1+0=1

General principles of radiography. Radiography of thorax-lungs and heart. Interpretation of thoracic radiography. Vertebral heart score. Radiography in diagnosing disorders of blood vessels. Contrast radiography. Principles of angiography.

DCP 1 Clinical Practice – I 0+6 = 6

History taking. Diagnosis of animals with cardiovascular disorders. Recording of laboratory data and interpretation. Recording of pulse and ECG in clinical cases.

DCP 2 Clinical Practice – II 0+6 = 6

History taking. Diagnosis of animals with cardiovascular disorders. Radiography and echocardiography in clinical cases.

DCS 1 Credit Seminar 1+0 = 1

Topic will be selected with the help of advisory committee. The presentation should be approved by the major advisor before presentation. Abstract of the matter should be circulated before the presentation.

DDS 1 Dissertation 0+5 = 5

Topic will be selected with the help of advisory committee. Sufficient numbers of clinical/ experimental animals should be used to collect the data. Data should be statistically analyzed and presented as per the existing rules for writing thesis by KVASU. Maximum number of pages should be restricted to 50 including references.
Supplementary Courses (at least I credit shall be registered)

DVC 12 Transfusion medicine 1+0 = 1

Theory – Basic principles of fluid therapy. Fluid therapy in cardiovascular and other diseases. Basic principles of blood transfusion. Blood groups and cross matching. Testing for DEA 1.1 antibodies in dogs. Transfusion reaction and management. Blood component transfusion. Apharesis technique in animals.

DVC 13 Pulse oxymetry and oxygen therapy 1+0 = 1

Theory - Basic principles of pulse oxymetery and oxygen therapy. Normal and abnormal blood gas values in animals. Setting up of critical care unit and oxygen pipe line. Use of multi para monitor, oxygen concentrator, nebulizer and blood gas analyzer. Oxygen therapy in surgery and critical care. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

DVC 14 Invasive techniques in cardiology 1+0 = 1

Theory - Principles of cardiac catheterization. Pericardiocentesis. thoracocentesis. angiography. Principles of angioplasty. Intracardiac and intraosseous injections. Contrast echocardiography. Defibrillation techniques. Internal cardiac compression. Cardiac biopsy. Principles of cardiac surgery to correct congenital heart diseases.